Sunday, May 21, 2023

CFOW Newsletter - More weapons to Ukraine; What about peace?

Concerned Families of Westchester Newsletter
May 21, 2023
 
Hello All – Last Tuesday 14 US military and diplomatic experts published a full-page open letter in The New York Times calling the war in Ukraine "an unmitigated disaster."  While condemning Russia's invasion and occupation, they cited the 30-year expansion of NATO to the east, and noted that the USA has provided $37 billion in military aid to Ukraine (with more on the way).  They warned that "future devastation could be exponentially greater as nuclear powers creep ever closer toward open war." The letter, entitled "The U.S. Should Be a Force for Peace in the World," urged the Biden administration to pivot towards pursuing a negotiated solution to end the war "speedily."
 
As antiwar dissent emerges on the left edge of the Democratic Party and on the right edge of the Republican Party – with similar developments within NATO nations – the USA and NATO leaders are doubling down on arming Ukraine in the hope of military victory.  President Biden has now given the go-ahead for the delivery of US-made F-16 jets to Ukraine, while Britain and Germany this week pledged billions more in weapons deliveries.  A year ago, the Biden administration cautioned against sending powerful advanced weapons to Ukraine, warning that Russia might be provoked into attacking NATO, with potentially disastrous consequences.  But now another significant step has been taken in that direction.
 
For public consumption, the USA states that its war aim in Ukraine is to support the Ukrainians until they achieve military victory or Russian surrender and withdrawal. But military leaders like Secretary of Defense Austin have also stated that the US goal is to weaken Russia as a military adversary, and consequently the USA has discouraged talk or efforts at negotiation.  Thus a long war might be better than a short war, for US interests in Europe.  But the failure of Ukraine to mount a successful counterattack against Russian forces in the Donbas and southeast of Ukraine has begun to divide "real hawks" from "moderate hawks" among the small circle of Biden advisers directing the war.  This week, Politico reported discussions within the Biden administration about a "frozen conflict," an end-game in which fighting would be suspended, perhaps for many years, while negotiations creep along.  Think Korea, where the 1950-53 war has still not ended. This would have the advantage, notes Politico, of soon ending public awareness of the war; a timely step to take as the 2024 presidential election approaches.
 
Some useful reading on the Ukraine War
 
"A Timely Call for Peace in Ukraine by U.S. National Security Experts," by Medea Benjamin and Nicholas S. J. Davies, Code Pink[Link].
 
"The Latest Flash Point Among Ukraine's Allies Is Whether to Send F-16s," bLara Jakes and
"Ukraine could join ranks of 'frozen' conflicts, U.S. officials say," by Nahal Toosi, Politico [May 18, 2023] [Link].
 
Events of Interest
On Thursday, May 25th, at 4 pm, the Westchester Alliance for Sustainable Solutions will hold an event/press conference in Yonkers, at the Westchester Wastewater Treatment Plant (1 Fernbrook Rd.), to call for full passage of the Climate, Jobs, and Justice legislation in Albany.  To learn more about the event and register to participate, go here.
 
On Friday, June 2nd, at 7 pm, Everytown and Moms Demand Action will hold an action against gun violence in Nyack, at Memorial Park (4 Depew Ave.).  Called "NY-Wear Orange Governor Mario M. Cuomo Bridge Lighting and Picnic," this is one of many events being held across the country as part of National Gun Violence Awareness Day and Wear Orange Weekend.  To learn more, go here.
 
CFOW Nuts & Bolts
Please consider getting involved with Concerned Families of Westchester.  Weather permitting, we meet for a protest/rally each Saturday in Hastings, at 12 noon at the VFW Plaza (Warburton and Spring St.)  A "Black Lives Matter/Say Their Names" vigil is held in Yonkers on Monday from 5:30 to 6:00 pm at the intersection of Warburton Ave. and Odell. Our newsletter is archived at https://cfow.blogspot.com/; and news of interest and coming events is posted on our CFOW Facebook pageAnother Facebook page focuses on the climate crisis. If you would like to join one of our Zoom meetings, each Tuesday and Thursday at noon, please send a return email for the link. If you would like to support our work by making a contribution, please send your check to CFOW, PO Box 364, Hastings-on-Hudson, NY 10706. Thanks!
 
Rewards!
In the pursuit of happiness, this week's Rewards for stalwart readers bring back the Nicholas Brothers for a tap-dancing encore.  Here they are with Dorothy Dandridge in "Chattanooga Choo Choo" (1941) and now with Cab Calloway and "Stormy Weather" (1943) for their famous "stairs dance."  Enjoy!
 
Best wishes,
Frank Brodhead
For CFOW
 
CFOW Weekly Reader
 
Featured Essays
America's Cold Civil War
By David A. Love, LAProgressive [May 15, 2023]
---- In the US, the right-wing voter suppression efforts reached a level not seen since the era of segregation, when white supremacists in the South had passed laws to deny Black Americans the right to vote and threatened everyone who dared to resist with violence. The nation is now divided between people who want a multiracial democracy in which every American is allowed and encouraged to vote and those who yearn for an anti-democratic system in which an extremist white minority has unchecked control over everyone else. The latter group is represented by the Republican Party, which is brazenly waging a cold civil war by pushing for unprecedented voter suppression measures targeting minority and marginalized communities. In response to the Democratic Party's victory in the 2020 presidential and congressional elections, Republican-controlled state legislatures have proposed 253 bills in 43 states that aim to prevent millions of Americans, and especially Americans of colour, from voting in federal and state elections. [Read More]  Republicans are attacking almost every institution of US life that nurtures thinking – read "Republicans Want to Defund Our Libraries," by Sonali Kolhatkar, Independent Media Institute [May 20, 2023] [Link].
 
Goodbye to the American Century: China India and the Emerging New World Order
---- Not so long ago, political analysts were speaking of the "G-2" — that is, of a potential working alliance between the United States and China aimed at managing global problems for their mutual benefit. … That notion would become the basis for the Obama administration's initial outreach to China, though it would lose its appeal in Washington as tensions with Beijing continued to rise over Taiwan and other issues. Still, if the war in Ukraine teaches us anything, it should be that, whatever the desires of America's leaders, they will have little choice (other than war) but to share global governance responsibilities with China and, in a new twist on geopolitics, with India, too. After all, that rising nuclear-armed nation is now the most populous on the planet and will soon possess the third-largest economy as well. In other words, if global disaster is to be averted, whether Americans like it or not, this country will have little choice but to begin planning for an emerging G-3. [Read More]
 
Khader Adnan's Last Hunger Strike
By Mouin Rabbani, London Review of Books [May 8, 2023]
---- According to a 2001 US Department of Justice report, the percentage of adult male African-Americans who had ever served time in a state or federal prison rose from 8.7 to 16.6 per cent between 1974 and 2001. Although similarly reliable statistics for Palestinians are unavailable, it has been estimated that 40 per cent of adult male Palestinians in the West Bank and Gaza Strip have seen the inside of an Israeli prison since 1967. During the 1987-93 popular uprising, the occupied territories boasted the world's highest per capita incarceration rate…. Khader Adnan died in prison on 2 May, aged 45, after an 87-day hunger strike. A former spokesman for the Palestinian Islamic Jihad movement from the town of Arraba in the northern West Bank, Adnan had been repeatedly held in administrative detention since 1999. Despite vilifying him as a terrorist, Israel never charged him with involvement in military activities. [Read More]
 
(Video) The Corporate War On Science: Artificial Intelligence
By Noam Chomsky [May 18, 2023]
[FB – Though this one-hour talk touches on many aspects of "the war on science," to me the most interesting parts are focused on the AI's inability to understand the basics of language acquisition and development in children. – Chomsky begins speaking about minute 5.] [See the Program] Also of interest is (Video) "AI Expert: We Urgently Need Ethical Guidelines & Safeguards to Limit Risks of Artificial Intelligence," from Democracy Now! [May 18, 2023] [Link].
 
War & Peace
The Yemen War Can Be Over — If Biden Wants It
By Ryan Grim, The Intercept [May 18 2023]
---- I've always thought of the famous John Lennon refrain, "War is over, if you want it," as mostly a thought experiment meant to shake us out of the learned helplessness that can lead to forever wars. But in the case of the war in Yemen, the war really is over if we want. Everybody else directly or indirectly involved — Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, the Houthis, China, Oman, Qatar, Jordan, etc. — appears to want to put the war behind them. A ceasefire has held for more than a year, and peace talks are advancing with real momentum, including prisoner exchanges and other positive expressions of diplomacy. Yet the U.S. appears very much not to want the war to end. [Read More] Also of interest/importance is "Dozens of House Democrats Tell Biden to Support Ending Yemen War," Antiwar.com [May 18, 2023].  Rep. Jamaal Bowman is among the 39 Democrats signing on to this letter to Biden. [Link].
 
How a small activist sailing ship successfully challenged the nuclear arms race
By George Lakey, Waging Nonviolence [May 19, 2023]
---- In today's polarized context, progressive movements need their best strategic thinking. One source for inspiration should be the Golden Rule, a historic sailing ship that's currently visiting ports along the Eastern U.S. Organized by Veterans for Peace, this national tour puts the 1958 Golden Rule voyage back in the news. Nearly 65 years ago, the Golden Rule defiantly sailed toward the Pacific Ocean site where U.S. nuclear weapons were being tested, sparking a movement that forced the U.S. government to sign the Partial Nuclear Test Ban Treaty. … The planners of the 1958 voyage were tuned into what was working for the emerging civil rights movement in the Deep South, and that gave them a powerful strategic perspective on the issue they were aiming to impact. The strategy deployed by the voyage of the Golden Rule — and the civil rights movement before it and the Phoenix after it — builds the kind of power more activists could be using today. It comes from a tactic I call a "dilemma demonstration," which basically puts the opponent in a lose-lose situation. [Read More]
 
The Good, the Bad, and the Befuddling [A biography of Vladimir Putin]
By Natylie Baldwin, Antiwar.com [May 19, 2023]
[FB – This book is in the WLS.  I think it gives a picture of Putin/Russia much different (and much needed) than that available in the US mainstream media.]
---- British journalist Philip Short has written a long, in-depth biography of Vladimir Putin. … Putin is an arbiter of several different interests in Russia. Two of those interest groups have been the pro-Western neoliberal technocrats and the military and security services who were always much more hardline and suspicious of the US-led west. Over the years, as Russia got the short end of the stick in its relations with the west, despite its cooperation in many areas, and no consideration of its most basic security interests, the hardliners appeared vindicated in their criticisms of Putin from the right for not being proactive enough in dealing with the US-led west's machinations. These machinations include NATO expansion up to its borders, active support of the 2014 coup in Ukraine that installed a government that was hostile to Russia, and abrogation of several key nuclear arms treaties, to name a few. [Read More]
 
The Climate Crisis
Global Heating to Bring a Record-Breaking Hot Year by 2028 — Probably our First above the 2.7F /1.5C Threshold
By Andrew King, The Conversation [May 20, 2023]
---- One year in the next five will almost certainly be the hottest on record and there's a two-in-three chance a single year will cross the crucial 1.5℃ global warming threshold, an alarming new report by the World Meteorological Organization predicts. The report, known as the Global Annual to Decadal Climate Update, warns if humanity fails to reduce greenhouse gas emissions to net zero, increasingly worse heat records will tumble beyond this decade. So what is driving the bleak outlook for the next five years? An expected El Niño, on top of the overall global warming trend, will likely push the global temperature to record levels. Has the Paris Agreement already failed if the global average temperature exceeds the 1.5℃ threshold in one of the next five years? No, but it will be a stark warning of what's in store if we don't quickly reduce emissions to net zero. [Read More]
 
Civil Liberties/"The War on Terror"
The forever war on Julian Assange
By Belén Fernández, Aljazeera [May 14, 2023]
---- Imagine, for a moment, that the government of Cuba was demanding the extradition of an Australian publisher in the United Kingdom for exposing Cuban military crimes. Imagine that these crimes had included a 2007 massacre by helicopter-borne Cuban soldiers of a dozen Iraqi civilians, among them two journalists for the Reuters news agency. Now imagine that, if extradited from the UK to Cuba, the Australian publisher would face up to 175 years in a maximum-security prison, simply for having done what media professionals are ostensibly supposed to do: report reality. Finally, imagine the reaction of the United States to such Cuban conduct, which would invariably consist of impassioned squawking about human rights and democracy and a call for the universal vilification of Cuba. Of course, it doesn't take a stretch of the imagination to deduce that the above scenario is a rearranged version of true events, and that the publisher in question is WikiLeaks founder Julian Assange. The antagonising nation is not Cuba but rather the US itself, which is responsible for not only the obliteration of Assange's individual human rights but also a stunning array of far more macro-level assaults on people across the world. [Read More]
 
The State of the Union
It's time to guarantee healthcare to all Americans as a human right
By Bernie Sanders, The Guardian [May 18, 2023]
---- Let's be clear. The current healthcare system in the United States is totally broken, dysfunctional and cruel. It is a system which spends twice as much per capita as any other major country, while 85 million Americans are uninsured or underinsured, one out of four Americans cannot afford the cost of the prescription drugs their doctors prescribe, and where over 60,000 die each year because they don't get to a doctor on time. It is a system in which our life expectancy is lower than almost all other major countries and is actually declining, a system in which working-class and low-income Americans die at least ten years younger than wealthier Americans. It is a system in which some 500,000 people go bankrupt because of medically related debt. It is a system in which large parts of our country are medically underserved, where rural hospitals are being shut down, and where people, even with decent insurance, have to travel hours in order to find a doctor. … All of that has got to change. The function of a rational and humane healthcare system is to provide quality care for all as a human right. It is not to make tens of billions of dollars every year for the insurance companies and the drug companies. [Read More]
 
A Tale of Two Teachers Unions [NYC and Chicago]
By Norm Scott, The Indypendent [May 8, 2023]
---- Why have teachers unions in Chicago, Los Angeles and New York  taken such divergent paths?  What is New York City losing by having a neutered teachers union that eschews militant grassroots ­organizing in favor of insider politicking? What would it look like for New York City to have a teachers union with deep ties to its school communities as well as other social movements and that was ready and willing to throw down against our local billionaires in order to elect a bold progressive to lead the city? After all, the UFT has almost 200,000 members, making it almost 10 times larger than its sister union in Chicago and has more financial and ­personnel resources at its disposal.  [Read More]
 
Israel/Palestine
Palestine was destroyed in 12 months - but the Nakba has gone on for 75 years
By Ilan Pappe, Middle East Eye [May 15, 2023]
---- At the beginning of February 1947, the British cabinet decided to end the mandate over Palestine and leave the country after nearly 30 years of rule. …The die was cast in a cabinet meeting on 1 February 1947 and the fate of Palestine was entrusted to the UN – an inexperienced international organisation back then, already affected by the onset of the cold war between the US and the USSR. Nonetheless, the two superpowers consented, exceptionally, to allow other member states to offer a solution to what was called "the Palestine question", without their interference. …This enraged the Palestinians and member states of the Arab League, as they expected post-mandatory Palestine to be treated in the same way any other mandatory state in the region – namely, allowing the people themselves to democratically determine their political future. Nobody in the Arab world would have agreed to allow European settlers in North Africa to take part in determining the future of the newly independent countries. Similarly, the Palestinians rejected the idea that the settler Zionist movement – consisting mostly of settlers who had arrived just two years before the UN Palestine refugee agency (UNRWA) was appointed in 1949 – would have a say in the future of their homeland. [Read More]  Also of interest is "Nakba at 75: Israel's State-Building Project Is Unraveling – From Within," by Jonathan Cook, Antiwar.com [May 19, 2023] [Link]; and "Nakba denial is at the heart of pro-Israel lobbying," byMay 21, 2023] [Link]
 
Our History
(Video) Malcolm X at 98: Angela Davis on His Enduring Legacy & the "Long Struggle for Liberation"
From Democracy Now! [May 19, 2023] = FB additional segments]
---- We dedicate the show to remembering Malcolm X on what would have been his 98th birthday Friday. We begin with an address by world-renowned abolitionist, author and activist Angela Davis on Malcolm's legacy, attacks on the teaching of Black history by Florida Governor Ron DeSantis and more. "This is a time to reflect deeply on the long struggle for liberation," Davis said. "And Malcolm asked us to keep our eyes on the future, future worlds, radical democratic futures for all beings who inhabit this planet." [See the Program]
 
The Midwest Academy Is Still Training the Organizers Who Make Another World Possible
By John Nichols, The Nation [May 19, 2023]
---- In 1973, at one of the most turbulent moments in American history, veterans of the civil rights and anti-war movements were facing the reality that changing the status quo would not come as easily as they had hoped. Luckily, some of them had a great idea for how to keep fighting, and to start winning. They started the Midwest Academy.  The vision for the academy was the same then as it is now: Grassroots struggle that empowers working-class people can and will shape a new America. At the heart of the academy's vision has always been an understanding that activists need training and encouragement and, perhaps above all, connections with one another, in order to realize the promise of founding director Heather Booth: "If we organize, we can change the world." [Read More]

Sunday, May 14, 2023

CFOW Newsletter - The war in Israel/Palestine, and the Palestinian "Nakba"

Concerned Families of Westchester Newsletter
May 14, 2023
 
Hello All – After five days of bombs on Gaza and rockets into Israel, a shaky ceasefire has descended on Israel/Palestine. 33 people were killed in Gaza and 2 people were killed in Israel.  More than 100 people were wounded in Gaza, and hundreds were displaced from their bombed homes.  The war, whose immediate roots lie in the death of a Palestinian hunger striker in Jerusalem and the assassination by Israel of there resistance leaders in Gaza, comes at a time of extreme turmoil in Israel itself and after several months of settler/military terror against Palestinians in the West Bank.  How long "peace" will last is questionable.
 
Tomorrow, across Palestine and around the world, Palestinians and their supporters will be commemorating the 75th anniversary of the "Nakba," or "catastrophe" in Arabic.  The mirror image of Israel's celebration of 75 years of statehood, the Nakba remembers the thousands of Palestinians who were killed and the 750,000 Palestinians who were driven from their homes – and in many cases from Palestine – in the course of the events of 1947-49 and the establishment of the State of Israel.  The organizers of this year's events use the phrase "Israel's Ongoing Nakba," to underscore that terror against Palestinians continues, now driven in part by the greatly enlarged role of "settlers" (or squatters on Palestinian land) within the Netanyahu governing coalition. Palestinian poet and activist Muhammad El Kurd is featured in a short, powerful video and about what "the Nakba" means for the daily lives of Palestinians today. Please join a Nakba march and rally that will be held in White Plains on Monday, assembling at 4 pm at the fountain at the corner of Main St. and Mamaroneck Ave.
 
In Congress, Rep. Rashida Tlaib has introduced a resolution calling on Congress to recognize "the ongoing Nakba and Palestinian refugee rights." The resolution is co-sponsored by Rep. Jamaal Bowman and several other progressive Democrats, and recounts the history of the mass expulsion that led to millions of Palestinians living in refugee camps in Gaza, the West Bank, and neighboring countries like Jordan.
 
Finally, this is the one-year anniversary of the assassination of Palestinian-American journalist Shireen Abu Akleh by an Israeli soldier. There has still been no justice in this case, and the Biden administration has failed to make a serious investigation.  While the White House speaks out loudly about "freedom of the press" and the Russian arrest of Wall St. Journal reporter Evan Gershkovich, Shireen Abu Akleh is an "unworthy" victim, for whom "freedom of the press" does not apply.
 
Mother's Day – A Day for Peace
Not just Cards and Flowers: The 1st 'Mother's Day for Peace' was Held in New York in 1872
---- The first public "Mother's Day for Peace" rally was held in New York City on June 2, 1872 at the inspiration of Julia Ward Howe, an ardent anti-war activist and promoter of world peace.  Her 1870 Mother's Day Proclamation passionately lamented the futile deaths in war and heralded action to stop future wars:  [Read the Mother's Day Proclamation of 1870]
 
News Notes
Moms Demand Action is a national organization that speaks out against gun violence.  This weekend, in the wake of several mass shootings, they organized hundreds of events across the USA.  Several events took place in New York, including one on the
Tappan Zee Bridge that called for a ban on assault rifles.
 
It appears that much of the USA Southwest will be without sufficient water soon.  For this reason, the statistics about the proportion of available water going to meat-producing crops such as alfalfa, or the fact that to produce just one almond requires 3.2 gallons of water, indicates that the struggle over "who gets how much water" will be a fierce one.  I found an article by The New York Times' Nicholas Kristof this week to be illuminating – and scary. (To access the article past this link you're your browser - https://archive.ph/NdDE4).
 
An important piece of voting-rights legislation now pending in Albany is called The Voting Integrity and Voter Verification Act of NY (VIVA).  The bill attempts to ensure that paper ballots will be used in New York in the future, guarding against the introduction of touch-screens or other unsafe ways of casting votes. You can read a useful summary of the bill here.  Please call Sen. Andrea Stewart Cousins (581-455-2585) and Assembly member MaryJane Shimsky (518-455-5753) and ask them to support this legislation.  The bill in the Assembly is A5934A; the bill in the Senate is S6169A. 
 
CFOW Nuts & Bolts
Please consider getting involved with Concerned Families of Westchester.  Weather permitting, we meet for a protest/rally each Saturday in Hastings, at 12 noon at the VFW Plaza (Warburton and Spring St.)  A "Black Lives Matter/Say Their Names" vigil is held in Yonkers on Monday from 5:30 to 6:00 pm at the intersection of Warburton Ave. and Odell. Our newsletter is archived at https://cfow.blogspot.com/; and news of interest and coming events is posted on our CFOW Facebook pageAnother Facebook page focuses on the climate crisis. If you would like to join one of our Zoom meetings, each Tuesday and Thursday at noon, please send a return email for the link. If you would like to support our work by making a contribution, please send your check to CFOW, PO Box 364, Hastings-on-Hudson, NY 10706. Thanks!
 
Rewards!
This week's rewards for stalwart readers come from Nina Simone, a resident of Mt. Vernon from 1961 to 1974.  First up is "Four Women."  And now, "Ain't Got No, I Got Life." One of Nina Simone's early favorites was "My Baby Just Cares for Me." Enjoy!
 
Best wishes,
Frank Brodhead
For CFOW
 
CFOW Weekly Reader
 
Featured Essays
AI machines aren't 'hallucinating'. But their makers are
By Naomi Klein, The Guardian [May 8, 2023]
---- There is a world in which generative AI, as a powerful predictive research tool and a performer of tedious tasks, could indeed be marshaled to benefit humanity, other species and our shared home. But for that to happen, these technologies would need to be deployed inside a vastly different economic and social order than our own, one that had as its purpose the meeting of human needs and the protection of the planetary systems that support all life. And as those of us who are not currently tripping well understand, our current system is nothing like that. Rather, it is built to maximize the extraction of wealth and profit – from both humans and the natural world – a reality that has brought us to what we might think of it as capitalism's techno-necro stage. In that reality of hyper-concentrated power and wealth, AI – far from living up to all those utopian hallucinations – is much more likely to become a fearsome tool of further dispossession and despoilation.  [Read More]
 
More thoughts on "Artificial Intelligence" – "Noam Chomsky Speaks on What ChatGPT Is Really Good For," Common Dreams [May 3, 2023] [Link]; and "Whose Planet Are We On? What Happens When LTAI (Less Than Artificial Intelligence) Gives Way to AI?" by Tom Engelhardt, Tom Dispatch [May 13, 2023] [Link].
 
The Most Disturbing Thing About Jordan Neely's Killing
May 12, 2023]
---- Much of the writing on Neely's death has been about the mundane nature of his presence on that F train, his status as one of many mentally ill and homeless people whose erratic behavior might frighten others. … It is a testament to how inured we've become to the sight of public suffering. We step around or over people who appear as obstacles to the smooth unfolding of our days. We prefer that their misery not impinge on our own lives. But the indifference and fear that maintain this border can be as lethal as a chokehold. That's what frightens me about this footage: Without anyone seeming to act with the intention to kill, a man winds up dead. … When I first watched the video, I did not think of it in relation to those numerous and familiar videos of killings by police officers. I thought of it in relation to drone-strike footage. In those videos, we see killings that are cool in their affect, presentation and execution — even though, in reality, we are watching the kinds of violence reserved for those who do not enjoy the protections we accord to American citizens. [Read More]; and "One Man Killed Jordan Neely—but We All Failed Him," by Elie Mystal, The Nation [May 4, 2023] [Link].
 
Neither Here nor There: The Shrinking Physical Space for Palestinians
By Zaha Hassan, Democracy in Exile [May 12, 2023]
---- The confluence of Ramadan, Passover and Easter in the city of Jerusalem, a place the three monotheistic faiths hold sacred, should have also filled the season with a measure of hope. This year, however, tension shrouded communities and landscapes, traversing checkpoints and the Green Line nominally separating Israel from the occupied Palestinian territories. Physical space has been shrinking for Palestinians between the Mediterranean Sea and the Jordan River for 75 years—sometimes in fits, like after the founding of the state of Israel, when three-quarters of the Palestinian population was forcibly displaced, and sometimes in creeping fashion, like in recent decades as Palestinians have been relegated to isolated enclaves within the West Bank and in Gaza. And now, Israel's new ultranationalist government has indicated an intention to accelerate the process of consolidating Jewish settlements in the West Bank to take advantage of its newfound political power, heightening the risk of a second, mass Palestinian displacement. [Read More]
 
War & Peace
Ground the Killer Drones and End the War Too
By Nick Mottern, Common Dreams [May 10, 2023]
---- As the Russian military intensifies its drone attacks on Kyiv and Ukraine's troops increase usage of homemade drones to hit Russian targets, the region and the world acutely need a proposal calling on both sides to negotiate an end to the war. A first step could be for both sides to agree to stop using weaponized drones. Current commentary discusses advantages—for one side or the other—of reliance on weaponized drones. But, the history of drone warfare in the Ukraine and in earlier wars reveals two crucial points.  First, the notion that using killer drones will somehow provide the winning edge in combat is magical thinking. In reality, their use only prolongs war and piles up dead bodies. … Second, the use of weaponized drones spreads war geographically and politically into areas in which generals, independent military leaders, and politicians would not dare to send ground forces. [Read More]
 
To Avoid a War With China Over Taiwan, the US Needs To Back Down
By Dave DeCamp, Antiwar.com [May 12, 2023]
---- Unlike Ukraine, President Biden has vowed to send troops to fight in Taiwan if the island is invaded, and US military leaders are speaking openly about the fact they are getting ready for a direct clash with the People's Liberation Army. Often missing from the conversation is that – just like a direct war between the US and Russia – a head-on conflict between the US and China risks nuclear escalation. While Beijing has a vastly smaller nuclear arsenal than Russia, they have enough nuclear-tipped ICBMs that a nuclear exchange between the US and China could end life as we know it. …. The Biden administration constantly claims it does not want to change the status quo across the Taiwan Strait, but these policies are doing just that. The US needs to back way down on its support for Taiwan and seriously engage with Beijing on the issue if it truly wants to prevent war. China has every incentive not to launch an invasion but doesn't rule out the use of force to achieve "reunification." At some point, the increasing US support for Taiwan will become intolerable for Beijing. Whether the China hawks like it or not, that's the reality, and arming Taiwan to the teeth will only make a catastrophic war in East Asia more likely. [Read More]
 
The U.S. Still Spends More on Its Military Than Over 144 Nations Combined
By Ashik Siddique, National Priorities Project [May 4, 2023]
---- World military spending has reached a new record high of $2.24 trillion in 2022, according to new data published by the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI). That's up 3.7% since the previous year, including the steepest increase among European nations since the end of the Cold War over 30 years ago. The United States remains the world's largest military spender by far, with its $877 billion representing 39% of global military spending. That's three times as much as the second largest spender, China, which spent $292 billion in 2022. And it's about ten times as much as the next largest spender, Russia, which spent about $86 billion in the same year. [Read More].  Also of interest is "Getting the defense budget right: A (real) grand total, over $1.4 trillion," by Andrew Cockburn, Responsible Statecraft [May 7, 2023] [Link].
 
The War in Ukraine
(Video) Phyllis Bennis on Ukraine War & Why a Ceasefire Is the First Step Toward Lasting Peace
From Democracy Now! [May 9, 2023]
---- As Russia marks the Soviet Union's defeat of the Nazis 78 years ago, Ukraine is preparing to launch a major counteroffensive, which has forced Moscow to issue an evacuation order for thousands of residents in areas occupied by Russian forces. Meanwhile, international actors are calling for negotiations, possibly brokered by China or Brazil, to end the war. For more on the prognosis for peace in Ukraine, we're joined by Phyllis Bennis, author and a fellow at the Institute for Policy Studies. [See the Program]
 
The Climate Crisis
The Ocean Heat Bomb Ignites
Pressenza [May 13, 2023]
---- Global warming and extensive overfishing have damaged ocean ecosystems well beyond recognition from only a few decades ago. Still, on its own accord, the ocean stood tall for over 3 billion years. But, alas, in less than one human lifetime it is teetering like never before, and credible studies claim the world's oceans could be devoid of life within only three decades. This is one of the most troubling transformations of all time, nothing compares to it, absolutely nothing! …. Scientists are now warning that human-generated greenhouse gases are demonstrably exposing the worst possible scenario with the ocean turning into a global warming "heat bomb." [Read More]
 
Divest, decarbonize and disassociate — inside the bold new push to get fossil fuels off campus
By Nick Engelfried, Waging Nonviolence [May 12, 2023]
---- From late November through early March of this year, visitors to the University of Washington Career Center in Seattle would have found students sitting in a circle on the floor, some doing homework on laptops as they participated in one of the longest-running recent climate protests at the school. Their goal: to convince the UW administration to establish a policy banning fossil fuel companies from coming to campus to recruit students to work for them. … In the 1960s and '70s, college peace activists protested the presence on their campuses of recruiters for the U.S. Army and companies like Dow Chemical, maker of the napalm used in Vietnam. By challenging the military and weapons manufacturers' license to operate at higher education institutions, young activists helped position the anti-war movement of that time as a response against not just a single war, but the violence of the larger military-industrial complex. The effects of their activism continue to reverberate in U.S. politics today. Now, climate activists have embarked on a similar mission to damage coal, oil and gas companies' reputation. [Read More]
 
The State of the Union
(Video) As Title 42 Ends, Asylum Seekers Face Inhumane Border Conditions, New Restrictions & Fast Deportation
From Democracy Now! [May 12, 2023]
---- The Trump-era Title 42 policy has come to an end, but the Biden administration has instituted what human rights advocates say amounts to a new asylum ban. We get an update from the San Ysidro border crossing near San Diego, California, where hundreds of asylum seekers have been sleeping on the ground under trash bags and foil blankets, with many reporting they've not eaten in days. Pedro Rios, director of the American Friends Service Committee's U.S.-Mexico Border Program, says Biden's anti-asylum policies are "reconfiguring the concept of asylum to a point where it no longer offers the promise that it did post-World War II." [See the Program]
 
The Debt Ceiling Debate Is a Massive Deception of the American Public
---- Future historians will likely look back at the debt ceiling rituals being reenacted these days with a frustrated shaking of their heads. That otherwise reasonable people would be so readily deceived raises the question that will provoke those historians: How could this happen? … when borrowing approaches any ceiling, the policy choices are these three: raise the ceiling (to borrow more), raise taxes, or cut spending. Of course, combinations of them would also be possible. In contrast to this reality, U.S. politics deceives by constricting its debate. Politicians, the mainstream media, and academics simply omit—basically by refusing to admit or consider—tax increases. … The unspoken agreement between the two major parties is to omit any serious discussion of raising taxes to avoid hitting the debt ceiling. That omission entails deception. [Read More]
 
How to Win a Green New Deal in Your State
By Ashley Dawson, The Nation [May 11, 2023]
---- New York just became the first US state to pass a major Green New Deal policy. After four years of organizing, the Build Public Renewables Act (BPRA) is now in the New York state budget. Passage of the act is a massive challenge to fossil fuel hegemony and a major victory for public power.  The BPRA authorizes and directs the state's public power provider—the New York Power Authority (NYPA)—to plan, build, and operate renewable energy projects across the state to meet the ambitious timetable to decarbonize the grid mandated by the Climate Act of 2019. The NYPA, the largest public utility in the country, provides the most affordable energy in the state, but until now, it has been prohibited from building and owning new utility-scale renewable generation projects because of lobbying by profit-seeking private energy companies.
How did we win passage of this plan to start a publicly funded renewable energy program? [Read More]
 
Our History
Another Side of W.E.B. Du Bois
By Daniel Steinmetz-Jenkins, The Nation [May 10, 2023]
---- One of the most significant American political thinkers of the 20th century, W.E.B. Du Bois is perhaps best known for his books The Souls of Black Folk (1903) and Black Reconstruction in America (1935). The former is considered a classic sociological study of the Black experience in the United States, while the latter is a landmark history of the Reconstruction era. Du Bois was also one of the founders of the NAACP in 1909. As all this suggests, Du Bois is principally known for his domestic activism and his works addressing racial inequality in the United States. But his criticism of racial inequality at home was always rooted in the international realities of European and US economic imperialism. Indeed, a recent collection of Du Bois's writings, edited by Adom Getachew and Jennifer Pitts, shows him to be an essential thinker of international relations. W.E.B. Du Bois: International Thought consists of 24 of his essays and speeches on international themes, spanning the years from 1900 to 1956. In them, readers will encounter Du Bois's unique perspective on the relationship between empire and democracy, the development of his anti-imperial thought, and his vision for transnational solidarity. To further understand this side of Du Bois's thinking, I interviewed Getachew and Pitts about their new book. [Read More]

Sunday, May 7, 2023

CFOW Newsletter - What are the US goals in Ukraine?

Concerned Families of Westchester Newsletter
May 7, 2023
 
Hello All – Some inconvenient truths prevent the US government and the political elite from defining clear goals to guide US participation in the Ukraine War. As Ukraine and its allies prepare for the long-awaited "spring offensive," this lack of clarity and unity will be subject to many stresses.  For much of the political elite, and perhaps the Biden administration, its continuing support for Ukraine – with vast amounts of military equipment and Pentagon guidance – depends on how the "spring offensive" goes.  In a nutshell, Ukraine is on probation, and the level of continued US support may depend on Ukraine's military performance in the months ahead.
 
On the USA home front, the coming stress test coincides with the looming presidential election of 2024.  Already, within the fringes of both the Republican and Democratic parties, there is growing dissent about continuing to write blank checks for Ukraine and its war.  Additionally, within the politico/military elite, serious questions have arisen about whether it is still in the US interest to support Ukraine's professed war aims of recovering all territory lost to Russia since 2022, as well reclaiming Crimea, annexed by Russia in 2014. The recently leaked Pentagon documents quote US military leaders as expressing fears that a military stalemate will be sustained in Ukraine through 2023.  Last January, the military think-tank Rand Corporation released a study that concluded:
 
"Territorial control, although immensely important to Ukraine, is not the most important dimension of the war's future for the United States. We conclude that, in addition to averting possible escalation to a Russia-NATO war or Russian nuclear use, avoiding a long war is also a higher priority for the United States than facilitating significantly more Ukrainian territorial control." 
 
If the portion of the US military/political elite that sees US interests in Ukraine as not the same as the Ukrainian government goals gains support, the outcome of debates in the US Congress and elsewhere about continued funding or limiting certain kinds of weapons may move to the center of the presidential campaigns.  Can President Biden run successfully if he continues to provide life-support for Ukraine's military effort, even while large portions of the USA are calling for an end to the fighting?  The actions of US peace activists may gain importance in the months ahead.
 
News Notes
Thursday, May 4th, was the 53rd anniversary of the murder of four students at Kent State University – May 4th, 1970.  The protest at which they were killed was one of thousands taking place across the USA in response to the Nixon-Kissinger invasion of Cambodia.  Killed that day were Allison Krause, Jeffrey Miller, Willilam Schroeder, and Sandra Lee Scheuer.  Their murders were memorialized in the CSNY song "Ohio." We will remember them always.
 
The fight to stop the dumping of a million gallons of radioactive water into the Hudson River at Indian Point continues.  Once again, CFOW's weekly vigil in Hastings focused on this, with signs and leaflets.  And on Saturday afternoon a large "Save Our River" event was held in Cortlandt Park in Verplanck.  During this positive report from Channel 12 News, the newscaster stated that Holtec is now planning to dump the water in August.  The struggle continues.
 
The headline of the New York Times article was astonishing (to me) – "900,000 New Yorkers Lost at Least 3 Loved Ones to Covid."  The article goes on to say that "An estimated two million New Yorkers — nearly one in four — lost at least one person close to them to Covid within the first 16 months of the virus's arrival." Can such trauma ever be "processed"? Read the article here.
 
Once again, Congresswoman Betty McCollum has introduced a bill that would  prohibit US aid from contributing to the detention of Palestinian children and to military activities that would facilitate "further unilateral annexation" of Israel's occupied West Bank.  The measure is backed by 17 Democrats, including our own Jamaal Bowman.  To read about this bill and the problems it tries to address, go here.
 
CFOW Nuts & Bolts
Please consider getting involved with Concerned Families of Westchester.  Weather permitting, we meet for a protest/rally each Saturday in Hastings, at 12 noon at the VFW Plaza (Warburton and Spring St.)  A "Black Lives Matter/Say Their Names" vigil is held in Yonkers on Monday from 5:30 to 6:00 pm at the intersection of Warburton Ave. and Odell. Our newsletter is archived at https://cfow.blogspot.com/; and news of interest and coming events is posted on our CFOW Facebook pageAnother Facebook page focuses on the climate crisis. If you would like to join one of our Zoom meetings, each Tuesday and Thursday at noon, please send a return email for the link. If you would like to support our work by making a contribution, please send your check to CFOW, PO Box 364, Hastings-on-Hudson, NY 10706. Thanks!
 
Rewards!
In the pursuit of happiness, this week's Rewards for stalwart reading offer some recent posts from New Orleans band Tuba Skinny.  I think you like "Hot Town" from the Gumbo Gumbas (1929); "Gimme Some"; and "You Can Have My Husband, But Please Don't Mess with My Man" (Irma Thomas, 1959).  Enjoy!
 
Best wishes,
Frank Brodhead
For CFOW
 
CFOW Weekly Reader
 
Featured Essays
Can the U.S. Adjust Sensibly to a Multipolar World?
By Medea Benjamin and Nicolas J. S. Davies, Code Pink
---- In his 1987 book The Rise and Fall of the Great Powers, historian Paul Kennedy reassured Americans that the decline the United States was facing after a century of international dominance was "relative and not absolute, and is therefore perfectly natural; and that the only serious threat to the real interests of the United States can come from a failure to adjust sensibly to the newer world order." Since Kennedy wrote those words, we have seen the end of the Cold War, the peaceful emergence of China as a leading world power, and the rise of a formidable Global South. But the United States has indeed failed to "adjust sensibly to the newer world order," using military force and coercion in flagrant violation of the UN Charter in a failed quest for longer lasting global hegemony. [Read More]
 
Resisting Cannibal Capitalism
By Nancy Fraser, Red Pepper [UK] [May 3, 2023]
[FB – Several months ago a CFOW book group read Nancy Fraser's Cannibal Capitalism with much interest.  Check out her updating of Marx's framing of what capitalism is and how it works.]
---- To understand where we are and to figure out a strategy for radical change, we need to recognize that capitalism as an economic system depends on several non-capitalist systems of social and natural reproduction. Most fundamentally, and perhaps most timely, is nature and the planet. Then the family, education and health, the polity and political order and the possibility of plunder from populations outside the system. The term 'polycrisis' that is now bandied about in the seminar rooms of Davos implies that each of these crises, afflicting a variety of these systems, are separate from another – as if it were just bad luck that they were occurring at the same time. We must understand that this is a fallacy and capitalism is the crisis. [Read More]
 
'We've discovered the secret of immortality. The bad news is it's not for us': why the godfather of AI fears for humanity
By Alex Hern, The Guardian [UK] [May 5, 2023]
---- Once [Geoffrey Hinton] accepted that we were building intelligences with the potential to outthink humanity, the more alarming conclusions followed. "I thought it would happen eventually, but we had plenty of time: 30 to 50 years. I don't think that any more. And I don't know any examples of more intelligent things being controlled by less intelligent things – at least, not since Biden got elected. … "You need to imagine something more intelligent than us by the same difference that we're more intelligent than a frog. And it's going to learn from the web, it's going to have read every single book that's ever been written on how to manipulate people, and also seen it in practice."
He now thinks the crunch time will come in the next five to 20 years, he says. "But I wouldn't rule out a year or two. And I still wouldn't rule out 100 years – it's just that my confidence that this wasn't coming for quite a while has been shaken by the realisation that biological intelligence and digital intelligence are very different, and digital intelligence is probably much better." [Read More]
 
War & Peace
The first boat to protest nuclear weapons is back to inspire a new generation
By Arnie Alpert, Voices for Creative Nonviolence [May 1, 2023]
[FB – More than 60 years ago I was fortunate to meet and hear Albert Bigelow describe his efforts to sail The Golden Rule into the nuclear test zone.  A great man – and now the project has a 2nd life!]
---- There was more to this broken-down old ship than what the eye could see. This vessel was a piece of history — having once played a consequential role in making the world safe from above-ground nuclear weapons testing. In 1958, the Golden Rule's former owners, a group of peace activists, tried to sail it into the American nuclear weapons testing zone in the Pacific as a form of protest. While the authorities cut their voyage short, the Golden Rule still managed to spark an upsurge of opposition to nuclear testing, leading five years later to the adoption of the Partial Test Ban Treaty. When Champagne learned this history, he was shook. "I was standing there. It was real quiet at the shipyard… And I felt the boat was talking to me. I felt the boat's spirit. And you know what it said? I sensed that the boat was telling me, 'Get off your ass and do something.'" So, do something he did. Champagne set about restoring the boat along with a small team of several other VFP members. Five years later, the Golden Rule was sailing down the West Coast to the 2015 VFP National Convention in San Diego. Now, in the midst of its Great Loop Tour circling the entirety of the eastern United States, the 21st century Golden Rule aims to be more than a history lesson. Veterans for Peace and the project's many supporters are working for nothing less than igniting a new movement to abolish nuclear weapons altogether. [Read More] For some VFP info on the Golden Rule project and its current itinerary, go here.
 
Also of interest – "This is not Your Grandfather's Military-Industrial Complex: Unwarranted Influence," by Ben Freeman and William D. Hartung, Tom Dispatch [May 2023] [Link]; and "To End All Wars, Close All Bases," by Kathy Kelly, ZNet [May 2, 2023] [Link].
 
The War in Ukraine
(Video) Noam Chomsky interview: Russia "more humane" in Ukraine than US in Iraq
FB – Chomsky answers some pointed/hostile questions from the liberal [UK] magazine New Statesman [May 1, 2023] - [See the Program]
 
The Nord Stream Explosions: New Revelations About Motive, Means, and Opportunity
By James Bamford, The Nation [May 5, 2023]
[FB – Historian/analyst James Bamford offers a strong case for an alternative to Seymour Hersh's framing of the Nord Stream pipeline sabotage operation.]
---- US and European intelligence agencies have reportedly obtained intelligence indicating that the attack was state-sponsored and carried out by a group affiliated with Ukraine, possibly an intelligence unit. Four days after the sabotage, the German publication Spiegel International reported that the CIA had months earlier warned their German intelligence partners, the BND, about a possible attack. … But beyond such allegations, there has been little reporting on Ukraine's covert capabilities and hostile intentions when it came to the pipeline, or whether other nations might have acted as co-conspirators. Did Ukraine have the means, motive, and opportunity to commit such a violent and audacious act? Nor has there been any insight into what US intelligence may have known before and after the blasts, and how they knew it. [Read More]
 
Also of interest re: Ukraine War -  [Nation Magazine podcast] "Anatol Lieven Reports from Ukraine" - [Link]; and "How Gas Corporations Capitalise from War in Ukraine," by Greenpeace International [April 27, 2023] [Link].
 
Civil Liberties
On World Press Freedom Day, State Department Refuses to Acknowledge Julian Assange Is a Journalist
By Dave DeCamp, Antiwar.com [May 3, 2023]
---- The State Department refused to acknowledge on Wednesday, which marked World Press Freedom Day, that WikiLeaks founder Julian Assange is a journalist. State Department spokesman Vedant Patel was asked by AP reporter Matt Lee if he considers Assange to be a journalist. "Matt, I am just not gonna offer a prescriptive assessment from here. Our view on Mr. Assange is that he's been charged with serious criminal conduct," he said. Lee retorted by pointing out that anyone can face criminal charges, including Evan Gershkovich, a Wall Street Journal reporter recently arrested by Russia. Patel said the cases were "completely different" and refused to say whether the State Department considers Assange a journalist. [Read More] For some illuminating insights into the Assange case, read "After Years Of Refusing To Comment, State Department Backs Assange Prosecution" from The Dissenter [Link].
 
The State of the Union
(Video) People In The US Were Once Promised Affordable Education For All
---- The 1960s were a decade of intellectual and political ferment on college campuses. Anti-war, feminist, and racial justice movements all found a foothold in higher education, with student activists often playing a pivotal role in social movements that extended far beyond the university. A crucial condition for the student radicalism of the time was the affordability of public higher education and the recent dissolution of barriers that prevented students of minoritized backgrounds from attending college. Today, these conditions have all but disappeared. Collectively, college graduates owe some $1.6 trillion in student debt. The most elite institutions have been cordoned off from students of working class backgrounds by astronomically high tuition fees. Even public universities demand staggering rates from their students. When did this change occur, and why? Retired professor of history Ellen Schrecker joins The Chris Hedges Report to explain the long assault on public, affordable higher education detailed in her new book, The Lost Promise: American Universities in the 1960s. Schrecker is a retired professor of history at Yeshiva University. She is the author of several books on McCarthyism and higher education. [See the Program]
 
Out of Sight, Out of Mind: After Title 42, U.S. Border Enforcement Will Push Further South
---- On April 11, the United States, Panama, and Colombia announced a joint two-month operation to "end the illicit movement of people and goods" through the Darien Gap. While he was arriving to Panama, DHS secretary Alejandro Mayorkas explained in a tweet that the three countries would work together to "target criminal networks, build lawful pathways, and save lives." … These ideas have been incorporated into border strategy, and this is no secret. U.S. Border Patrol strategy documents constantly talk about a "layered approach." According to the Homeland Security agency, the border and its enforcement apparatus go well beyond the U.S.-Mexico divide. This includes not only interior enforcement in the United States (the 100-mile zones along the borders and coasts, and inland ICE operations), but also the aggressive pushing out of the U.S. border into other countries across the hemisphere and beyond. The U.S. has done training operations in more than 100 countries, and made many transfers of equipment and technology to these countries to assist in border enforcement. [Read More]
 
Israel/Palestine
Who Said BDS Has 'Already Failed'?: European Cities Boycott Apartheid Israel
By Ramzy Baroud, ZNet [May 4, 2023]
---- A succession of events starting in Barcelona, Spain, in February, and followed in Liège, Belgium, and Oslo, Norway, in April sent a strong message to Israel: The Palestinian Boycott, Divestment and Sanctions movement (BDS) is alive and well.  … Indeed, while a growing number of European cities are siding with Palestine, those who side with Israeli apartheid find it difficult to defend or even maintain their position, simply because the former predicate their stances on international law, while the latter on twisted and convenient interpretations of anti-Semitism.  … While BDS is a political movement that is subject to miscalculations and mistakes, it is also a grassroots campaign that labors to achieve political ends through incremental, measured changes. To succeed over time, such campaigns must first engage ordinary people on the street, activists at universities, in houses of worship, etc., all done through calculated, long-term strategies, themselves devised by local and national civil society collectives and organizations. [Read More]
 
(Video) "Automated Apartheid": How Israel Uses Facial Recognition to Track Palestinians & Control Movement
From Democracy Now! [May 4, 2023]
---- A new report by Amnesty International documents how the Israeli government is using an experimental facial recognition system to track Palestinians and control their movements. The findings are part of "Automated Apartheid," which reveals an ever-growing surveillance network of cameras in the occupied West Bank city of Hebron and in East Jerusalem — two places in the Occupied Territories where Israeli settlements are expanding within Palestinian areas. "Surveillance has been ramping up as illegal settler activity has also been ramping up," says Amnesty researcher Matt Mahmoudi, who adds that the surveillance technology is part of an overall coercive structure used against Palestinians by Israel. "Effectively, facial recognition is augmenting, reinforcing, entrenching aspects of apartheid." [See the Program]
 
Our History
History Bright and Dark
By Adam Hochschild, New York Review of Books [May 25, 2023 issue]
---- Americans have often been politically divided, never more so than during the Civil War, in which we managed to kill more than 600,000 of each other. But have the divisions over how we recount our history ever been so deep? Following the Black Lives Matter protests that swept the country in 2020, at least four states, three of them in New England, have required Black history to be part of school curriculums; seven more have established new courses on Native American or Asian American history. Meanwhile Florida governor Ron DeSantis has gotten far more attention for forbidding the state's high schools from offering the Advanced Placement course in African American history, which he criticized as "woke" and "indoctrination." … If the 1776 Curriculum is in one corner of the ring in this round of the history wars, in the other corner, coming out swinging, is the latest incarnation of the 1619 Project. The project argued that slavery and its legacy have profoundly shaped American life in the four centuries since then. This effort has now taken new shape as a six-part documentary series on Hulu, which will undoubtedly be used in many classrooms as well. [To read this essay, paste this link into your browser - https://archive.ph/DSnUB]
 
Martin Luther King Jr. 'Birth of a New Nation' [1957] [h/t NM]
[FB - King delivered this extraordinary speech in Montgomery, Alabama on April 7, 1957.  The Montgomery bus boycott had been victorious only a few months earlier. The occasion for this speech was King's return from Ghana, where he had witnessed the founding of a new state – Ghana – formerly the British colony of The Gold Coast. Posted by NM on the day that Charles III was crowned in England, King's speech puts the British Empire in perspective, in all its horror, and he relates the African struggle for freedom and the end of colonialism to the on-going [1957] struggle for civil rights in the USA.] [Hear the Speech].