Sunday, September 24, 2023

CFOW Newsletter - The climate crisis AND the war in Ukraine

Concerned Families of Westchester Newsletter
September 24, 2023

Hello All – On September 13th, 400 climate scientists sent a letter to President Biden imploring him to take meaningful action to address the climate crisis.  The letter was supported by statements from prominent client scientists.  For example, "Given how bad global heating has now gotten, it's simply insane that President Biden still refuses to declare a climate emergency, and indeed, continues to make everything worse by expanding fossil fuels," said Peter Kalmus, PhD, of NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory.  One of the scientists initiating to letter, Rose Abramoff, spoke to Democracy Now! last week about the scientists' action (which cost her her job).  Here are some excerpts from the scientists' letter.  The bottom line for concerned citizens is simple: if our leaders can't follow the paths to save us from climate disaster, as laid out by people who know what they are talking about, we need new – different – leaders.

Dear President Biden,
On your first day in office, you issued an executive order pledging that it is "the policy of my administration to listen to the science" in tackling the climate crisis. We welcomed this message. And yet more than two years later, it's clear that the crisis is spiraling out of control and the policies of your administration with regard to fossil fuels fail to align with what the science tells us must happen to avert calamity.

With the climate crisis raging all around us - in the form of fires, floods, hurricanes, drought, heat waves, crop failures, and more - we call on you directly, clearly, and unequivocally to stop enacting policies contrary to science and do what is needed to address the crisis. Embrace the demands of the March to End Fossil Fuels:

1. Stop federal approval for new fossil fuel projects and repeal permits for climate bombs like the Willow project and the Mountain Valley Pipeline.

2. Phase out fossil drilling on our public lands and waters

3. Declare a climate emergency to halt fossil fuel exports and investments abroad, and turbo charge the build-out of more just, resilient distributed energy (like rooftop and community solar)

4. Provide a just transition to a renewable energy future that generates millions of jobs while supporting workers' and community rights, job security, and employment equity.

 So say 400 climate scientists. Is anybody listening?

 Some useful reading on the climate crisis

Climate Change is our Biggest Security Threat: Our Federal Budget Should Reflect That
By Lindsay Koshgarian and Alliyah Lusuegro, Other Words [September 20, 2023]
---- As the hottest summer in human history approached its end, tens of thousands of climate marchers rallied in New York to call for bold climate solutions. Meanwhile, lawmakers in Washington lurched toward another fight over the federal budget. More than ever, the U.S. needs to get serious about climate. And to do that, we need to re-prioritize what's in that budget. As it stands, more than half of the discretionary budget that Congress allocates each year goes to the Pentagon. Until the passage of the Inflation Reduction Act last year, the average taxpayer gave $2,375 each year to the military — and just $6 to renewable energy projects. [Read More]

Welcome to the New Green Colonialism
By John Feffer, Tomdispatch [September 2023]
---- The classic ladder of development, industrialization itself, has become rickety and ever more dangerous. After all, it requires energy traditionally supplied by fossil fuels, now known to radically heat up the planet and endanger the very survival of humanity. Today, countries aspiring to join the charmed circle of the wealthy can no longer hope to climb that ladder in any usual fashion, thanks in part to the carbon-neutrality pledges virtually all nations made as part of the Paris climate accord. The Global South is divided on how to respond. For instance, as the world's second-largest consumer of coal and third-largest consumer of oil, India wants to grow in the old-fashioned fossil-fuelized way, becoming the last one up that ladder, even as its rungs are disintegrating. Other countries, like renewables-reliant Uruguay and carbon-neutral Suriname, are exploring more sustainable paths to progress. Either way, with global temperatures setting ever more extreme records and inequality worsening, poor countries face their last shot at following South Korea and Qatar into the ranks of the "developed" world. [Read More]

CFOW Nuts & Bolts - Please consider getting involved with Concerned Families of Westchester.  Weather permitting, we meet for a protest/rally each Saturday in Hastings, at 12 noon at the VFW Plaza (Warburton and Spring St.)  A "Black Lives Matter/Say Their Names" vigil is held in Yonkers on Monday from 5:30 to 6:00 pm at the intersection of Warburton Ave. and Odell. Our newsletter is archived at https://cfow.blogspot.com/; and news of interest and coming events is posted on our CFOW Facebook pageAnother Facebook page focuses on the climate crisis. If you would like to join one of our Zoom meetings, each Tuesday and Thursday at noon, please send a return email for the link. If you would like to support our work by making a contribution, please send your check to CFOW, PO Box 364, Hastings-on-Hudson, NY 10706. Thanks!


Rewards!

The Rewards for stalwart readers this week come from funnyman/musician Roy Zimmerman. I think you will like his most recent music video, "Hannity Tonight."  And as You-Know-Who is always topical, here is a report of (the fourth edition of) {Vote Him Away" (The Liar Tweets Tonight.  Enjoy!

Best wishes,
Frank Brodhead
For CFOW

CFOW Weekly Reader

Featured Essays
(Video) UN Secretary-General Guterres issues dire warning at United Nations General Assembly | 'The world is becoming unhinged' [September 19, 2023]
---- United Nations Secretary-General Antonio Guterres issued a dire warning to world leaders, saying humanity is facing existential threats and seems incapable of coming together to face the challenge. [See the Secretary-General's speech]  Also of interest is "World peace and security require a stronger United Nations," by Lawrence Wittner, Peace Action NYS [September 24, 2023] [Link].

The dismantling of democracy in India will affect the whole world
By Arundhati Roy, Scroll.in [September 14, 2023]
[FB – This is the writer's speech as she received the 45th European Essay Prize on September 12.]
---- What makes me happiest is that it is a prize for literature. Not for peace. Not for culture or cultural freedom, but for literature. For writing. And for writing the kind of essays that I write and have written for the past 25 years. They have mapped, step by step, India's descent (although some see it as an ascent) into first majoritarianism and then full-blown fascism. … It is no longer just our leaders we must fear, but a whole section of the population. The banality of evil, the normalisation of evil is now manifest in our streets, in our classrooms, in very many public spaces. The mainstream press, the hundreds of 24-hour news channels have been harnessed to the cause of fascist majoritarianism. India's Constitution has been effectively set aside. The Indian Penal Code is being rewritten. If the current regime wins a majority in 2024, it is very likely that we will see a new Constitution.  [Read More]

The Underground Historians Keeping the Truth Alive in China
By Ian Johnson, New York Times [September 21, 2023]
[FB - Ian Johnson is a Pulitzer Prize-winning journalist who spent two decades in China.]
---- In 1959, a group of university students in the northwestern Chinese city of Tianshui embarked on a quixotic plan. China was in the midst of the Great Famine, a catastrophe caused by government policies that would kill as many as 45 million. These young people had witnessed farmers starving to death and cannibalism; they also saw how the government had brutally punished or killed people who appealed for help. They felt someone needed to do something to spread word of what was happening. They decided to publish a journal. … There would be no second issue. Within months, 43 people associated with the magazine were arrested. Three were later executed, and the rest sentenced to years in labor camps.  … Spark could have been forgotten, nothing more than one of countless small acts of outrage against the party's unchecked powers. Instead, for many Chinese people, its story is now synonymous with resistance to one-party rule. How? Through the efforts of China's counterhistorians, a group of citizens united in their desire to tell the whole story of Communist Party rule, to include in China's collective memory events like the famines of the last century and the virus outbreaks of today.  [Read More]

The  War in Ukraine
CFOW recently joined Code Pink's "Peace in Ukraine" coalition.  To learn what the coalition is doing, go here.  To learn more about Code Pink, go here.  The coalition is launching the "Global Days of Action for Peace in Ukraine" from Saturday, September 30 through Sunday, October 3rd.  To learn more, go here. For a user-friendly "Background on the crisis in Ukraine,"go here.

[FB] - This week Ukraine president Zelensky addressed the UN General Assembly and visited the White House, lobbying for more weapons and fending off complaints that Ukraine's "counter-offensive" had reached a stalemate. For his efforts he was awarded a new round of military equipment (worth $325 million) that included more cluster bombs, with hints that a shipment of much-debated  ATACMS artillery shells (also fitted with cluster bombs) will be on their way soon.

The Ukrainian battlefront continues to expand, and new weaponry has escalated the lethality of the war.  Ukraine attacks on Russian bases in Crimea have caused considerable damage, and The New York Times this week published an extended analysis of the growing success of Ukraine's drone warfare.

Last year the Biden administration appeared to hold intense discussions before sending new weapons systems to Ukraine, evaluating the possibility that the weapons would be used to attack Russian forces inside Russia, thus causing a Russian reaction that might eventually lead to clashes with NATO troops.  (In each case, of course, the weapon was eventually approved.) Two weapons systems now on the front burner, the ATACMS artillery shells, with a range of more than 150 miles, and the provision of F-16 jet bombers, with a range of 500 miles, fit this dangerous profile.  Yet the Deep Thinkers at the White House have apparently decided that, if the last escalation of weaponry did not provoke a Russian escalation in the war, the next one probably won't either.

Finally, there were three other developments in the war this week that I think bear watching.  It appears that European pledges to provide more ammunition to Ukraine have run into an obstacle, in that European countries simply lack the capacity to produce more than their own needs. Second, Ukraine appears to have succeeded in finding an alternative route to export its grain through the Black Sea.  The downside of this is that it extends the potential combat zone to the territorial waters of Romania, a NATO country. And finally, Ukrainian farmers, blocked from shipping their grain through Odesa and other Black Sea ports, have been shipping it to Poland and other Eastern European countries. This has created a backlash from farmers in the importing countries, and this has become a big issue in the soon-to-be-held elections in Poland, where the ruling party has banned imports for Ukraine in a vote-getting maneuver.

Some useful/interesting reading on the Ukraine War

Russia is taking my friends one by one – and now I struggle even to write about them
By Oleksandr Mykhed, The Guardian [UK] [September 23, 2023]
---- The pantheon of our national myth is being formed before our eyes. Our friends, teachers, brothers are already in it. And the only thing I dream of is that the living will take their places in the pantheon after victory…. Olena asked whether we can write about the dead without mentioning ourselves and our feelings. I said we can't. Because Russia is taking away my friends and loved ones from me personally. Tearing out my heart piece by piece. [Read More]

Zelensky's "Bad Moment"
By Seymour Hersh [September 21, 2023]
---- The Ukrainian leader resorts to lies and threats at the tail end of a failing counteroffensive. The war between Russia and Ukraine, with the White House continuing to reject any talk of a ceasefire, is at a turning point. … The reality is that Volodymyr Zelensky's battered army no longer has any chance of a victory. [Read More]

The Morality of Ukraine's War Is Very Murky
By Stephen M. Walt, Famous professor at Harvard [September 22, 2023]
---- What is the morally preferable course of action in Ukraine? At first glance, it seems obvious. Ukraine is the victim of an illegal war, its territory is occupied, its citizens have suffered mightily at the hands of the invader, and its adversary is an autocratic regime with any number of unsavory qualities. Strategic calculations aside, surely the proper moral course is to back Ukraine to the hilt. As Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky told a gathering at the Yalta European Strategy meeting in Kyiv this month: "When we are talking about this war, we are always talking about morality." Not surprisingly, he conveyed the same message when he visited Washington this week. If only the moral calculus were that simple. [Read More]

War with China?
A useful site for learning about China, and about US-China military tensions, is the Committee for a SANE US-China Policy. Two of their website's sections for "learning more" are "TAIWAN, THE U.S., & CHINA" [Link] and "CHINA, THE U.S., & THE WAR IN UKRAINE" [Link].  Another useful resource is Code Pink's, "China is not our enemy" campaign.

Some useful reading on "War with China?"

(Video) What Should U.S. Policy Toward Taiwan Be?
With Mike Mochizuki and Zhiqun Zhu – March 29, 2023
---- Challenging Washington's group think toward China and Taiwan, these exceptional scholar not only laid out the forces leading toward a conflict over Taiwan, but a range of policy options that the U.S. can and should be adopting to reduce tensions, defend Taiwan's democratic system, and over time patiently negotiate reunification in ways that provide greater guarantees than "one country two systems" for a just and peaceful resolution of the Taiwan crisis and the legacies of China's unfinished civil war. [See the Program]

Blasting Bullhorns and Water Cannons, Chinese Ships Wall Off the Sea
By
---- The world's most brazen maritime militarization is gaining muscle in waters through which one-third of global ocean trade passes. Here, on underwater reefs that are known as the Dangerous Ground, the Chinese People's Liberation Army, or P.L.A., has fortified an archipelago of forward operating bases that have branded these waters as China's despite having no international legal grounding. China's coast guard, navy and a fleet of fishing trawlers harnessed into a militia are confronting other vessels, civilian and military alike. [Read More]

Civil Liberties
The Fate of the "Dreamers" Is Likely Headed to the Right-Dominated Supreme Court
By Marjorie Cohn, Truthout [September 18, 2023]
[FB – Marjorie Cohn is a former president of the National Lawyers Guild.]
---- If the Supreme Court agrees with the new decision by a Texas federal judge, it will be devastating to 600,000 Dreamers. Eleven years after Barack Obama launched the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) program, six years after the Trump administration tried to rescind it, and five years after it began wending its way through the courts, the fate of the "Dreamers" is now likely headed to the Supreme Court. On September 13, Judge Andrew Hanen of the Federal District Court in Houston ruled in Texas v. U.S. that Obama did not have the legal authority to create DACA, a program which has protected hundreds of thousands of undocumented youth from deportation. [Read More]

The Autoworkers' Strike
FBThe autoworkers' strike is now 10 days old. Originally three assembly plants (one each for Ford, General Motors, and Stellantis) went on strike, with a total of 13,000 workers in Ohio, Michigan, and Missouri. On Friday, an additional 5,000 workers struck  38 parts distribution centers across 20 states.  These distribution centers (including one in Tappan, NY, just across the river from Irvington) were part of the General Motors and Stellantis companies.  The union did not strike distribution centers connected with Ford, because Ford "was bargaining in good faith."

The UAW strike comes after a long-term decline in autoworkers wages, and on the heels of an insurgent campaign in the union that elected (for the first time, by direct election) a slate of more militant leaders. The UAW strike also follows successful contract negotiations by Teamsters at UPS, with the now lengthy strikes of writers and actors in film and TV, with the prospect of more big strikes by 57,000 medical workers in California, and with the possibility of a strong union forming at Delta airlines. In this context, a win for the autoworkers would be of tremendous significance for ALL progressive movements; without a strong labor movement, it's hard to see many of our other issues being successful.  Here is an essay of interest illustrating the tactics of "the new unionism": "Work Extra During a Strike? Auto Workers Say 'Eight and Skate'," by Keith Brower Brown and Jane Slaughter, Labor Notes [September 18, 2023] [Link]

Israel/Palestine
Netanyahu-Biden meeting illustrates the political madness of the U.S.-Israeli relationship
By Mitchell Plitnick, Mondoweiss [September 21, 2023]
---- The long-awaited meeting between U.S. President Joe Biden and Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu took place on Wednesday. It hardly looked like what one might have expected years ago, but the tone and tenor should be cause for concern for many reasons. Meeting on the sidelines of the United Nations General Assembly session, both leaders were trying to balance the reality of significant differences over policy and their desire to maintain a strong U.S.-Israel relationship despite the fact that many of their constituents have lost faith in that relationship. . Despite the distaste with which many Democrats view the current Israeli government — including many who still define themselves as "pro-Israel" — Biden and the rest of the Democratic leadership continue to court Israel's favor. [Read More]

Our History
Biden Is the Latest President To Tout the Vietnam War as Proud History
By Norman Solomon, Antiwar.com [September 19, 2023]
[FB – Norman Solomon's most recent book is War Made Invisible: How America Hides the Human Toll of Its Military Machine.]
---- When Joe Biden flew out of Hanoi last week, he was leaving a country where U.S. warfare caused roughly 3.8 million Vietnamese deaths. But, like every other president since the Vietnam War, he gave no sign of remorse. You might think that – after killing such a vast number of people in a war of aggression based on continuous deceptions – some humility and even penance would be in order. But no. As George Orwell put it, "Who controls the past controls the future: who controls the present controls the past." And a government that intends to continue its might-makes-right use of military power needs leaders who do their best to distort history with foggy rhetoric and purposeful omissions. Lies and evasions about past wars are prefigurative for future wars. [Read More]

Sunday, September 17, 2023

CFOW Newsletter - Focus on the climate crisis and the failure of governments

Concerned Families of Westchester Newsletter
September 17, 2023

Hello All – Around the world, and here in the Rivertowns, hundreds of thousands of people marched today to demand an end to fossil fuels, which when burned end up raising the temperature of the Earth and threatening human civilization.  July, and indeed all of 2023, are the warmest period since humans came into existence; and the science is now clear that we have only a few years to take the drastic action needed to move our economies away from fossil fuels and save ourselves. Yet elected leaders and authoritarian rulers alike are paying little attention and investing few resources in an attempt to curtail this rush to human self-destruction.  All we hear from them, in the words of Greta Thunberg, is "blah, blah, blah."  Why is this? How can democratically elected rulers fail to be moved by demands that something must be done about the climate crisis?  How can a democratic electorate fail to mount enough force to persuade  elected leaders to stop fueling the fires of self-immolation?

If our governments won't or can't act, what can we do to end the burning of fossil fuels?  As an article linked below details, for decades Exxon and other fossil-fuel giants were well aware that their profits were at the expense of hastening the Earth towards a time when green house gases in our atmosphere would raise temperatures to the point where extreme weather conditions would become common and entire regions and continents would become uninhabitable.  Yet they persisted in their crimes.  Moreover, not content to just keep their knowledge and their criminal conspiracy secret, they invested millions of dollars in programs and organizations that spewed out false information, minimizing the dangers of global warming.  Even in the time already lapsed, it is clear that the fossil fuel giants and their enablers are guilty of massive crimes against humanity, responsible for millions of deaths.  For this they should be punished, to be sure. But more to the point, in light of the failure of our governing institutions to protect us, how can we take action to stop the fossil fuel danger short of utter calamity?  Nationalization, martial law, and other drastic remedies suggest themselves, but these and other direct remedies require political power current out of our reach. To save ourselves, we must mobilize ourselves as never before, changing regimes and seizing corporations as necessary.  We are up against the wall, and must fight back.

 Some useful reading on the climate crisis

A Mass Climate Mobilization Is Taking Place Sunday. Here's Why It's Urgent.
An interview with economist Robert Pollin, Truthout [September 14, 2023]
---- A UN climate report ahead of the upcoming COP28 summit says that governments are failing to cut emissions fast enough for the planet to avoid an unmitigated disaster and calls in turn for the phasing out of fossil fuels. In the wake of the hottest summer on record, climate advocates have organized a "March to End Fossil Fuels" in New York City as part of the wave of global mobilizations with the aim of putting an end to the poisons that are killing the planet. Amid this crucial mobilization, the climate movement is working hard to expose the roots of this crisis and chart an alternate course, wrestling with questions such as: Why do governments continue to subsidize fossil fuels? Aside from the obvious resistance of the fossil fuel industry, what are the economic and technological challenges we would face by moving to a post-fossil fuel future? How do we actually get to zero emissions? [Read More]

New files shed light on ExxonMobil's efforts to undermine climate science
By Dharna Noor, The Guardian [UK] [September 14, 2023]
---- ExxonMobil executives privately sought to undermine climate science even after the oil and gas giant publicly acknowledged the link between fossil fuel emissions and climate change, according to previously unreported documents revealed by the Wall Street Journal. The new revelations are based on previously unreported documents subpoenaed by New York's attorney general as part of an investigation into the company announced in 2015. Many of the newly released documents date back to the 2006-16 tenure of former chief executive Rex Tillerson, who oversaw a major shift in the company's climate messaging. In 2006, Exxon publicly accepted that the climate crisis posed risks, and it went on to support the Paris agreement. Yet behind closed doors, the company behaved differently, the documents show. [Read More]

CFOW Nuts & Bolts
Please consider getting involved with Concerned Families of Westchester.  Weather permitting, we meet for a protest/rally each Saturday in Hastings, at 12 noon at the VFW Plaza (Warburton and Spring St.)  A "Black Lives Matter/Say Their Names" vigil is held in Yonkers on Monday from 5:30 to 6:00 pm at the intersection of Warburton Ave. and Odell. Our newsletter is archived at https://cfow.blogspot.com/; and news of interest and coming events is posted on our CFOW Facebook pageAnother Facebook page focuses on the climate crisis. If you would like to join one of our Zoom meetings, each Tuesday and Thursday at noon, please send a return email for the link. If you would like to support our work by making a contribution, please send your check to CFOW, PO Box 364, Hastings-on-Hudson, NY 10706. Thanks!

Rewards!
The Newsletter's rewards for stalwart readers aim to provide a rest stop for those who might choose to go on to "the weekly reader."  This week's offerings start off with Willie Nelson and Sinéad O'Connor singing "Don't Give Up," perhaps an anthem for our times.  (Also of interest is an earlier version of "Don't Give Up," sung by Peter Gabriel and Kate Bush.) This week I also liked Buffy Sainte-Marie's "Universal Soldier."  Enjoy!

Best wishes,
Frank Brodhead
For CFOW

CFOW Weekly Reader

Featured Essays
(Video) UAW on Strike: In Historic Move, Auto Workers Target All Big Three Automakers at Once
From Democracy Now! [September 15, 2023]
---- For the first time in history, the United Auto Workers has launched a strike against the Big Three U.S. automakers — Ford, General Motors and Stellantis, the parent company of Chrysler — all at once. UAW President Shawn Fein announced targeted strikes at three facilities: a General Motors plant in Wentzville, Missouri; a Stellantis complex in Toledo, Ohio; and a Ford assembly plant in Wayne, Michigan. The action could grow to more locations in the coming days to ramp up pressure on the companies. … As the three auto companies made a combined $21 billion in profits in the first six months of 2023, the UAW is looking to take back contract benefits they conceded in the 2008 financial crisis so manufacturers would not go bankrupt. [See the Program]

Also of interest – "The UAW Strike Matters for the Entire US Working Class," by Alex N. Press, Jacobin Magazine [September 2023] [Link]; "Auto Workers Strike Plants at All Three of the Big 3," by Luis Feliz Leon and Jane Slaughter, Labor Notes [September 15, 2023] [Link]; and "Polling shows exceptionally wide support for the union's bold demands," by John Nichols, The Nation [Link].

(Video) Naomi Klein on Her New Book "Doppelganger" & How Conspiracy Culture Benefits Ruling Elite
From Democracy Now! [September 14, 2023]
---- We spend the hour with acclaimed journalist and author Naomi Klein, whose new book Doppelganger out this week explores what she calls "the mirror world," a growing right-wing alternate universe of misinformation and conspiracies that, while identifying real problems, opportunistically exploits them to advance a hateful and divisive agenda. Klein explains … "It's so hard to look at the reality that we are in right now, with the overlay of endless wars and climate disasters and massive inequality. And so whether we're making up fantastical conspiracy theories or getting lost in our own reflections, it's all about not looking at that reality that is only bearable if we get outside our own heads and collectively organize." [See the Program]

Our Global Maui Moment: Climate Crisis and a World Afire
By Tom Engelhardt, Tomdispatch [September 11, 2023]
---- From the earliest kingdoms to late last night, history has been the story not just of the rise of great powers but of their decline and fall. So, normally, there would be nothing particularly out of the ordinary about the aging America of Joe Biden and Donald Trump, a classic imperial power distinctly in decline and threatening to split into pieces. As it happens, though, there's something all too new about the twenty-first-century decline and fall of that other great power of the Cold War era — you know, not the Soviet Union. After all, the present downhill slide of this country is happening on a planet that itself is distinctly in trouble in terms of what's always passed for a decent human life — and that, believe me, is something new under the sun. In fact, in some fashion, the scenario all of us, each in our own fashion, are now living through may be the least known ever.[Read More]

Africa-France: nine theses on the end of a cycle
By Achille Mbembe, Le Grand Continent [France] [September 2023]
---- How should we interpret the long-term transformations that are currently taking place in Africa? How do internal factors enter in? What are the key contradictions induced by the new political economy now in the process of crystallizing on the continent? … This exercise in collective intelligence is all the more urgent if we are to address the issue of security, peace and stability on the continent in the most useful way possible, and also to open up new avenues for future relations between Africa, France and Europe.  … As crises follow one after another at such a pace that there will be no respite, there is a real risk of getting bogged down in a long-term tug-of-war that  would pave the way not for a new global consciousness, but for the partition of the world. [Read More]

The War in Ukraine
FB - There has been little forward movement this week by Ukraine's "counter-offensive," but the war continues to escalate both in terms of the intensity of the conflict and the expansion of the conflict.  President Biden's intention to send an additional $24 billion in military aid to Ukraine may be thwarted by the far right within the House Republicans.  And NATO is reinforcing its military presence inside Romania and Bulgaria, following Russian attacks on Ukrainian grain export terminals on the Danube River. Also ….

Hyping Ukraine Counteroffensive, US Press Chose Propaganda Over Journalism
By Bryce Greene, FAIR [Fairness and Accuracy in Reporting] [September 15, 2023]
---- It has been clear for some time that US corporate news media have explicitly taken a side on the Ukraine War. This role includes suppressing relevant history of the lead-up to the war, attacking people who bring up that history as "conspiracy theorists," accepting official government pronouncements at face value, and promoting an overly rosy picture of the conflict in order to boost morale. For most of the war, most of the US coverage has been as pro-Ukrainian as Ukraine's own media, now consolidated under the Zelenskyy government. Dire predictions sporadically appeared, but were drowned out by drumbeat coverage portraying a Ukrainian army on the cusp of victory, and the Russian army as incompetent and on the verge of collapse. [Read More]

Blinken: US Does Not Oppose Ukraine Targeting Russian Territory With US-Provided Missiles
By Dave DeCamp, Antiwar.com [September 11, 2023]
---- Secretary of State Antony Blinken said Sunday that it was up to Ukraine whether or not to target Russian territory with US-provided weapons, a policy that brings the US and Russia closer to a direct clash. Blinken made the comments after ABC News reported that it's likely the Biden administration will soon arm Ukraine with Army Tactical Missile Systems (ATACMS), which have a range of up to 190 miles. While appearing on ABC's 'This Week,' Blinken was asked if he was OK with Ukraine using ATACMS to hit targets deep inside Russian territory. "In terms of their targeting decisions, it's their decision, not ours," Blinken replied. As the war has dragged on, the Biden administration has been less and less concerned about the risk of Ukrainian attacks inside Russia escalating the war. [Read More]

War with China?
The US Is Fanning the Flames of War With China
By Marjorie Cohn, Truthout [August 31, 2023]
---- The United States is gunning for war with China. By cozying up to Taiwan and arming it to the teeth, President Joe Biden is undermining the "One China" policy which has been the cornerstone of U.S.-China relations since 1979. The Biden administration is enlisting South Korea and Japan to encircle China. The U.S. military is conducting provocative military maneuvers that exacerbate the conflict in the South China Sea. Biden is escalating tensions with China and intensifying the danger of nuclear war in the Asia-Pacific. And Republican presidential candidates are also fanning the flames of war with China. … Since the Obama administration's "pivot to Asia" in 2012, 60 percent of U.S. naval forces have been transferred to the Asia-Pacific, and 400 of the 800 U.S. military bases worldwide and 130,000 troops "are now circling China," Chun wrote. The U.S.'s "goal is to force China's hand by triggering and escalating a hybrid war on multiple fronts, including military, technology, economy, information and media." [Read More]

The South China Sea's Resource Wars and Environmental Collapse
By Joshua Frank, Tomdispatch [September 13, 2023]
---- According to those who want to mine our way out of the climate crisis, such highly sought-after metals and minerals will remain crucial to weaning the world off dirty fossil fuels. Yet, count on one thing: they will come at a grave cost — not only geopolitically but environmentally, too — and perhaps nowhere will such impacts be felt more devastatingly than in the world's fragile seas, including the South China Sea where major armed powers are already facing off in an unnerving fashion, with the toll on both those waters and the rest of us still to be discovered. [Read More]

Civil Liberties/
(Video) Julian Assange and the end of American democracy
By Chris Hedges, The Real News [September 13, 2023]
---- The US government has hounded Julian Assange since WikiLeaks first revealed the extent of US war crimes in 2010. In the process of persecuting Assange, the federal government has used every tool at its disposal and even pushed beyond the boundaries that supposedly restrict state power in defense of civil liberties. One of the most insidious tactics is the use of the Espionage Act, which had not been used for against whistleblowers and journalists for almost a century before Assange's case. In the first part of a two-part conversation, lawyer and human rights defender Stella Assange, spouse of Julian Assange, joins Chris Hedges for a look at the vast and vicious campaign by the US to silence Julian Assange, and what it all portends for our democracy  [See the Program] To watch part two of this interview, go here.

The State of the Union
America's Short-Lived Safety Net Has Almost Fully Unraveled
By Bryce Covert, The Nation [September 15, 2023]
---- When Joe Biden took office, he didn't just take aggressive steps to contain the Covid-19 pandemic; through the American Rescue Plan, signed into law in March 2021, he wove together one of the strongest safety nets the country has ever seen. But now, only two years later, that net has rapidly unraveled.  … Pandemic safety net spending allowed Americans to accumulate a buffer of savings, but it's now dwindling and could run out entirely this fall. Biden seized the pandemic crisis to push through programs that the country has long desperately needed—and then let them fade away, leaving Americans once again to fend for themselves. [Read More]. Also of interest is "Poverty Rate Soared in 2022 As Aid Ended and Prices Rose," by Ben Casselman and Lydia DePillis, New York Times [September 13, 2023] [Link].

(Video) "Capitalism Is an Insecurity Machine": Astra Taylor on Student Debt & Our Radically Unequal World
From Democracy Now! [September 12, 2023]
---- As the COVID-19 era pause on federal student debt payments comes to an end and some 40 million Americans will resume payments next month, we speak with Debt Collective organizer Astra Taylor about Biden's new Saving on a Valuable Education, or SAVE, plan and her organization's new tool that helps people apply to the Department of Education to cancel the borrower's debt. … She notes organizing is about "the alchemy of turning our vulnerabilities, turning our oppression, turning our insecurities into solidarity so that we can change the structures that are undermining our self-esteem and well-being." [See the Program]

Israel/Palestine
'It was set up to fail us': Palestinians reflect on 30 years of the Oslo Accords
By Yumna Patel, Mondoweiss [September 2023]
---- On September 13, 1993, Israeli Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin and leader of the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) Yasser Arafat shook hands in front of a belated U.S. President Bill Clinton on the White House lawn. It was the day that the Declaration of Principles (DOP), or the first Oslo Agreement (Oslo I) was signed, kicking off the so-called peace process that was meant to culminate with "peace" in the region and resolve the so-called "conflict." But the Oslo Accords never actually promised an independent Palestinian state, or even something that remotely resembled it. In reality, it carved the occupied Palestinian territory up into bantustans with limited self-autonomy for Palestinians on a minuscule portion of their homeland. It paved the way for Israel to swallow up more land, resources, and tighten its grip on the borders and the people living within it.  [Read More]

Also of interest – "Mahmoud Abbas Holocaust Controversy Spotlights Deep Disillusion With Palestinian Authority," by Alice Speri, The Intercept [September 15 2023] [Link]; and "Palestine in Pictures: August 2023," from The Electronic Intifada [September 6, 2023] [Link].

Our History [Chile: "The Other 9/11"]
[FB - Our memorials about "9/11" last weekend should have included a focus on "the other 9/11," the 50th anniversary of the fascist coup against the social-democratic government in Chile.  We know now (and partially understood then) that the coup was approved by and supported by the Nixon-Kissinger government in the USA.  Ironically, the number of people killed in the US 9/11 and that of Chile was about the same: 3,000.  But of course they were very different; and as fascism haunts/stalks the USA, the memory of Chile's 9/11 becomes increasingly relevant.]

50 Years After "the Other 9/11": Remembering the Chilean Coup
By Ariel Dorfman, The Nation [September 11, 2023]
[FB – Ariel Dorfman was part of Allende's government at the time of the coup, and having escaped arrest and death, became a well-known writer during his life of exile.]
---- The violence that Allende had tried to avoid was visited ferociously on the building where he had taken his last stand in defense of dignity and democracy. And if the military had dared to bomb La Moneda from the air and set it ablaze with tanks from the ground, what would they not do to the Chileans (I was one of them) who were fervent followers of Allende? His many supporters—and their vulnerable bodies—soon found out. … I am still haunted today by these violations, those broken and twisted and unfinished lives. I cannot walk the streets of Santiago without constantly being reminded, 50 years later, of the pain perpetrated on the friends I lost and continue to mourn, and of the compañeros whose names and stories I never knew but who marched with me on our common quest for a better land. [Read More]

Also of interest - (Video) "50 Years After Coup in Chile: Peter Kornbluh on How U.S. Continues to Hide Role of Nixon & Kissinger," from Democracy Now! [September 12, 2023] [Link]; "Remembering Salvador Allende and the Chilean Counterrevolution," by Walden Bello, Foreign Policy in Focus [September 11, 2023] [Link]; and "50 Years After Chilean Coup, Let's Remember Pinochet Resisters' Inspiring Legacy," by Margaret Power, Truthout [September 11, 2023] [Link].


Sunday, September 10, 2023

CFOW Newsletter - Living in the shadow of 9/11

Concerned Families of Westchester Newsletter
September 10, 2023

Hello All – Monday, September 11th, will be the 22nd anniversary of the 9/11 attack on the World Trade Center. On the following day, September 12th, three families in Dobbs Ferry met to discuss… what was going on.  They invited friends to another meeting, and then another, and soon began to call themselves Concerned Families of Westchester, hoping that an inoffensive, family friendly name would get them a meeting with their (Republican) congressional representative.  (Alas.)

Like millions of others, those meeting in Dobbs Ferry were focused on the horrible loss of life in the Twin Towers, and also on the possibility of additional attacks – Where was this going?  Also, like the apparent majority of New Yorkers, our concern was not on revenge, but on preventing further killing. As the Bush administration and the media whipped up hatred for the killers, however, our discussion group became an antiwar group, focused on the stupidity of the emerging war and the possible starvation of tens of thousands of people in Afghanistan, dependent on the World Food Program for basic survival. We also became acquainted with organizations such as 9/11 Families for Peaceful Tomorrows, whose members had lost loved ones on 9/11 but were adamant that their grief should not be used to justify further killing.

In the 22 years that followed, Concerned Families has served as a platform and as a home base for Rivertowns residents wishing to speak out against the wars that followed 9/11, and against the violations of civil liberties and the racial injustices that accompanied the hardening of the USA into a warfare state. During these two decades, the political center of gravity has moved decisively to the right, not withstanding the strong mobilizations around racial justice, the climate crisis, women's rights, and much more.  Despite these gains, however, all those working for peace in the USA are confronted with a political landscape in which the more liberal of the two political parties strongly supports wars and is investing hundreds of billions of dollars into weapons and other programs that will only hasten human self-destruction. The echoes of 9/11 remain with us, to our sorrow.

 Some useful reading about 9/11 and its consequences

(Video) Noam Chomsky on 9-11 (2002)
An extended speech by Noam Chomsky, delivered 4 months after the 9/11 attacks, on the occasion of the publication of his book 9 -11. [See the Speech].

How 9/11 Bred a "War on Terror" from Hell
By Norman Solomon, TomDispatch [September 7, 2023]
---- Under the "war on terror" rubric, open-ended warfare was well underway — "as if terror were a state and not a technique," as Joan Didion wrote in 2003 (two months before the U.S. invasion of Iraq). "We had seen, most importantly, the insistent use of September 11 to justify the reconception of America's correct role in the world as one of initiating and waging virtually perpetual war." In a single sentence, Didion had captured the essence of a quickly calcified set of assumptions that few mainstream journalists were willing to question. … For the White House, the Pentagon, and Congress, the war on terror offered a political license to kill and displace people on a large scale in at least eight countries. The resulting carnage often included civilians. The dead and maimed had no names or faces that reached those who signed the orders and appropriated the funds. And as the years went by, the point seemed to be not winning that multicontinental war but continuing to wage it, a means with no plausible end. Stopping, in fact, became essentially unthinkable. No wonder Americans couldn't be heard wondering aloud when the "war on terror" would end. It wasn't supposed to. [Read More]

The Climate March & Rally
Climate March – Sunday, September 17th
UN Secretary-General António Guterres has called a September 20 Climate Ambition Summit to address the global climate emergency. On Sunday, September 17, a wide coalition of environmental, social justice, youth, indigenous, labor, and faith groups is converging in NYC for the March to End Fossil Fuels. We will demand that President Biden declare a climate emergency and take bold and immediate action to end our reliance on fossil fuels. Please join us!  CD16 and CFOW will be on the first car on the MetroNorth train that stops in Hastings at 10:58 a.m. (Check times from Tarrytown to Riverdale for the same train). We will convene by the information booth in Grand Central between 11:45-noon and head to the start of the march (near Columbus Circle) together. The event will end around 4:30 near the UN.  For detailed information on the march: go here. For some background on the March: go here.  go here. For why the climate crisis demands immediate action:

CFOW Nuts & Bolts

Please consider getting involved with Concerned Families of Westchester.  Weather permitting, we meet for a protest/rally each Saturday in Hastings, at 12 noon at the VFW Plaza (Warburton and Spring St.)  A "Black Lives Matter/Say Their Names" vigil is held in Yonkers on Monday from 5:30 to 6:00 pm at the intersection of Warburton Ave. and Odell. Our newsletter is archived at https://cfow.blogspot.com/; and news of interest and coming events is posted on our CFOW Facebook pageAnother Facebook page focuses on the climate crisis. If you would like to join one of our Zoom meetings, each Tuesday and Thursday at noon, please send a return email for the link. If you would like to support our work by making a contribution, please send your check to CFOW, PO Box 364, Hastings-on-Hudson, NY 10706. Thanks!


Best wishes,
Frank Brodhead
For CFOW

CFOW Weekly Reader

Featured Essays
US Foreign Policy Has an Extinction Agenda
By Spencer Ackerman, The Nation [September 5, 2023]
---- In April 2022, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change issued the sort of warning that would galvanize a sane society into historic action. Unless greenhouse gas emissions cease rising by 2025, the IPCC found, humanity will not be able to limit the warming of the planet to 1.5 degrees Celsius, the temperature at which the worst ravages of climate change might still be avoided—though not all of them, just the most catastrophic. The choice implied by the IPCC was between a globe-spanning initiative to halve emissions by 2030, thereby giving us a chance of remaining within the 1.5˚C threshold, or a 21st century defined by an increasingly uninhabitable world. … Seventeen months have passed since the IPCC's warning. Summer 2023 featured both the hottest July ever recorded and an understandable focus on wet-bulb temperatures, which helps measure the point at which external heat and humidity overwhelm the body's ability to cool itself and survive extended exposure. [Read More]

(Video) Democratic Republic of Congo Faces "Worst Hunger Catastrophe" as Mineral Extraction Enriches the Few
From Democracy Now! [September 7, 2023]
---- The Democratic Republic of the Congo is seeing a dramatic deterioration of infrastructure and displacement of citizens as a result of armed violence, flooding and the world's largest hunger crisis. In recent months, rampant violence of armed groups has forced more than half a million people to flee their homes, while the United Nations says some 3,000 families also lost their homes after recent intense flooding and mudslides in the eastern part of the country. Twenty-five million people are facing starvation as displaced citizens are unable to access their land to grow their own food, and the humanitarian response has so far failed to address the crisis. "The crisis is beyond belief," says Secretary General of the Norwegian Refugee Council Jan Egeland, who just visited the DRC and reports that the international community still looks for the country's resources while ignoring its plight. "The Congo is not ignored by those who want to extract the riches of that place. It's ignored by the rest of the world who would want to come to the relief of the children and families of the Congo." [See the Program]

What role does culture play in Palestinian liberation?
By Mohammed El-Kurd, Mondoweiss [September 5, 2023]
---- I am often asked, in interviews and on university campuses, what role I think literature plays in the Palestinian liberation movement. And though the question itself isn't subversive, it certainly feels that way: What is the role of literature? Who does it serve, here, in the English-speaking world, in fancy hotel lobbies and Ivy League auditoriums, planets away from the makeshift rifles of the refugee camps? It's hard to say. It's hard to imagine what a poem can do in the barrel of a gun.  … Even though there has been 75 years of Palestinian scholarship and knowledge production, and every journalist, diplomat, and lawmaker has access to visual and material evidence of the atrocities committed against the Palestinian people, I believe, at least for the time being, that we are not past the time for persuasion. Artists can and have influenced international public opinion in many instances across history. [Read More]

The War in Ukraine
Two themes headed the news from the war in Ukraine last week: a new round of US funding for more weapons and ammunition, and a strong pushback from the USA and NATO against claims that Ukraine's "counteroffensive" against Russian forces in Ukraine was "stalemated."  Along with US Secretary of State Blinken's sudden trip to Kiev, the combined effort was to reassure the Ukrainian government that US and NATO support for the war was undiminished, and to refute critics/skeptics about the war, maintaining that victory was still possible.

The new round of US aid for Ukraine ($1 billion) included $275 million for an assortment of weapons, including (controversially) artillery shells made from depleted uranium, valued because of their hardness/penetrating ability (tanks), but producing radioactive dust on impact with health consequences for civilians as well as soldiers.  This was the 74th package of military aid for Ukraine since Biden took office;  for a useful/comprehensive summary of US military aid since the start of the war ($70 billion), go here.

Two themes on my mind this week are the (tiniest) possibility of peace talks, and the geographical expansion of war. This article ("Eastern European NATO Countries Fear Peace Talks Between Ukraine and Russia") illustrates a few of the complexities in moving toward negotiations at any point in the future; while debris from a missile attack on Ukraine that fell on the Rumanian side of the Danube River has prompted additional  NATO F-16 air patrols on the border.  Also interesting to me is an article from the New York Times, "Turbulent Waters: How the Black See became a Military Hot Spot" [Link]. The geographical expansion of the war (including the Polish-Belarus border) increases the possibility of accidental/on purpose contact between NATO and Russian forces.

Finally, highly recommended is a program this week from Democracy Now! – "Ukrainian & Russian Activists on How Putin's War Emboldens "Authoritarian Forces" Around the World."  While not in agreement with their view that continued military escalation is the proper path, they have many important things to say about the destruction caused by the war and what may have motivated Putin to actually invade in February 2022. [See the Program]

War & Peace
Thanks to Biden, the War Party is back
By Katrina vanden Heuvel, Responsible Statecraft [September 5, 2023]
---- President Joe Biden recently appointed Victoria Nuland, Dick Cheney's point person on Iraq, acting deputy secretary of State, the department's number two official. He named Elliott Abrams, convicted perjurer and grim apologist for Central American torturers under Ronald Reagan, to his Advisory Commission on Public Diplomacy.  War may or may not be the health of the state, but surely it is a tonic for neo-conservative armchair warriors. In the White House, while Biden has touted a new "foreign policy for the middle class," his policies have largely been a reversion to the ruinous policies of the foreign policy establishment and its belief in America's benevolent hegemony.[Read More]

The Rules of Engagement of Violent Islamophobia: 22 Years of Drone Warfare and No End in Sight
By Maha Hilal, Tom Dispatch [September 6, 2023]
---- In 2023, this country's drone warfare program has entered its third decade with no end in sight. Despite the fact that the 22nd anniversary of 9/11 is approaching, policymakers have demonstrated no evidence of reflecting on the failures of drone warfare and how to stop it. Instead, the focus continues to be on simply shifting drone policy in minor ways within an ongoing violent system. … Since the war on terror was launched, the London-based watchdog group Airwars has estimated that American air strikes have killed at least 22,679 civilians and possibly up to 48,308 of them. Such killings have been carried out for the most part by desensitized killers, who have been primed towards the dehumanization of the targets of those murderous machines. [Read More]

The Climate Crisis
Summer of 2023 hottest recorded in 'wake-up' call to cut carbon emissions
By Damian Carrington, The Guardian [UK] [September 6, 2023]
---- The summer of 2023 was the hottest ever recorded, as the climate crisis and emerging El Niño pushed up temperatures and drove extreme weather across the world. In June, July and August – the northern hemisphere summer – the global average temperature reached 16.77C, which was 0.66C above the 1991 to 2020 average. The new high is 0.29C above the previous record set in 2019, a major jump in climate terms. Heatwaves, fires and floods have destroyed lives and livelihoods across the globe, from North and South America, to Europe, India, Japan and China. [Read More]

The State of the Union
How the War on Poverty Stalled
By Kim Phillips-Fein, The New Republic [August 28, 2023]
---- In 1962, a 33-year-old freelance writer who had little institutional or academic standing published a book widely credited with helping inspire the creation of Medicaid, Medicare, Head Start, and food stamps—representing the commitment of the federal government to a war on poverty. .. The opening pages of The Other America set out the problem: There was a "familiar America" of postwar prosperity, of televisions and radios and automobiles and suburban homes, and then there was a shadowland—"another America"—of between 40 and 50 million people who lived in poverty. … Matthew Desmond's latest book, , sets out from a very different starting point. In the early 1960s, when Harrington published his book, poor people were hardly part of political discourse at all; today, there are few who would be so naïve as to claim to simply not know poverty exists in American society. As a result, Desmond presents his book not as an exposé but as an effort to answer the question: Why? Why is there still so much poverty in the United States? [Read More]

Also of interest – "The US Welfare State Expanded During the Pandemic. On Biden's Watch, It's Been Rolled Back," by Luke Savage, Jacobin Magazine [September 8, 2023] [Link]; and "'Totally devastating': borrowers on the start of student loan repayment," by Lauren Aratani, The Guardian [UK] [September 6, 2023] [Link].

(Video) "A Political Prosecution": 61 Cop City Opponents Hit with RICO Charges by Georgia's Republican AG
From Democracy Now! [September 6, 2023]
---- Georgia is intensifying its crackdown against opponents of Cop City, with the state's Republican attorney general announcing sweeping indictments of 61 people on racketeering charges over protests and other activism related to the $90 million police training facility planned to be built in Atlanta. …We also speak with Keyanna Jones, a Stop Cop City organizer with Community Movement Builders, who notes the indictments are dated from May 25, 2020, the day Minneapolis police killed George Floyd. [See the Program] And the struggle continues: "Defying RICO Indictment, Faith Leaders Chain Themselves to Bulldozer to Stop Cop City," The Intercept [September 7, 2023] [Link].

Israel/Palestine
Far From the Eyes of the World, an Unbelievable Population Transfer Is Underway in the West Bank
By Gideon Levy and Alex Levac, Haaretz [Israel] [September 9, 2023]
---- All that remains in the valley now is black, scorched earth, a memento of what was until last week a place of human habitation. There also is a sheep pen, which the banished residents left behind as a memorial or perhaps also in the hope of better days, when they will be able to return to their land – a prospect that looks very far-fetched indeed at present. Across from the blackened soil loom two tents that portend evil, along with a van and a tractor, all belonging to the lords of the land: the settlers who invaded this shepherding community and terrorized its residents day and night until last Friday, the last of the families, who had lived here for more than 40 years, set out for the desert to find a new place of habitation. [Read More]

As 1.2m Palestinians Face Food Crisis, Civil Society Orgs Urge Blinken to Override GOP Aid Block
By Ben Samuels, Haaretz [Israel] [September 6, 2023]
---- As 1.2 million Palestinians are potentially days away from a food shortage directly linked to Washington political infighting, civil society organizations are urging U.S. Secretary of State Antony Blinken to override a Republican-issued hold on $75 million in food assistance. Republican lawmakers have placed holds on the State Department from providing appropriate funding for food assistance for Palestinians in the West Bank and Gaza, accusing UN aid agency UNRWA of fomenting anti-Israel sentiment while being explicitly linked to terror organizations.  Twenty-three civil society organizations warned that "a devastating humanitarian crisis looms with more than 1.2 million people potentially left without food as early as mid-September, including hundreds of thousands of children who will be left hungry." [Read More]

Our History
Teaching SNCC: The Organization at the Heart of the Civil Rights Revolution
By Adam Sanchez, Rethinking Schools [September 2023]
[FB – "SNCC" = "The Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee"]
---- Probably the most important part of SNCC's legacy is not its nonviolent direct action tactics, but its base-building through community organizing. SNCC was influenced by the communities in which they organized, just as SNCC influenced them. The debates throughout SNCC's various organizing campaigns reflect this relationship with the communities in which they organized. Playing out these debates in the classroom shows students that social movements aren't only about protest — but also about tactics, strategy, and the ability to hold a debate and move forward together. Tracking SNCC's ideological transformation can also help highlight how social movements can quickly radicalize, as what seemed impossible only a few years before is made possible through protest and organization. [Read More]

From the Partial Test Ban Treaty to a Nuclear Weapons-Free World
By Lawrence Wittner, Peace Action [September 5, 2023]
[FB – And my first "March on Washington" 1962.]
---- This September is the sixtieth anniversary of U.S. and Soviet ratification of the world's first significant nuclear arms control agreement, the Partial Test Ban Treaty.  Thus, it's an appropriate time to examine that treaty, as well as to consider what might be done to end the danger of nuclear annihilation. Although the use, in 1945, of atomic bombs to destroy Hiroshima and Nagasaki unleashed a wave of public concern about human survival in the nuclear age, it declined with the emergence of the Cold War.  But another, even larger wave developed during the 1950s and early 1960s as the nuclear arms race surged forward.  … In reaction to this growing menace, millions of people around the world began to resist nuclear weapons.  They formed new, activist organizations. …Even in the Soviet bloc, concerned scientists pressed for an end to the nuclear arms race. [Read More]